Xét tính đơn điệu và bị chặn của mỗi dãy số \((u_{n})\) dưới đây:
a) \(u_{n}=(-1)^{n}+\sin n\frac{\pi}{4}\)
b) \(u_{n}=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}\)
 c) \(\begin{cases}u_{1}=\sqrt{2} \\ u_{n+1}=\sqrt{2+u_{n}}  \forall n\in N* \end{cases}\)
a)
- Ta có $u_0=1  ;  u_1=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}-1 ;  u_2=2.$
Do $u_0>u_1  mà  u_1<u_2$ nên dãy đã cho không đơn điệu.
- Ta có $\left\{ \begin{array}{l}-1\leq (-1)^n\leq 1 \\-1\leq \sin n\frac{\pi}{4}\leq 1\end{array} \right.\forall n\in N\Leftrightarrow -2<u_n\leq 2  \forall n\in N$.

b)
-Ta có: $u_n=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}<\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}+\frac{1}{2n+1}+\frac{1}{2n+2}=u_{n+1} $
$\Rightarrow$ dãy tăng.
-Ta có: \(0<u_{n} \forall n\).
Lại có $u_n= \frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}< \frac{n}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n} $
     $\Leftrightarrow u_n<(1-\frac{1}{n+1})+(\frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)})+...+(\frac{1}{\prod_{i=1}^{n-1}\frac{1}{n+i}}-\frac{1}{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\frac{1}{n+i}}) $
     $\Leftrightarrow u_n<1- \frac{1}{\prod_{i=1}^{n}\frac{1}{n+i}} <1,  \forall n$
Vậy $0<u_n<1,  \forall n.$

c)
- Ta có $2>u_n>0$.
Giả sử $2>u_n>0$(1) ta cần chứng minh $2>u_{n+1}>0\forall n\in N^*.$
Thật vậy $(1)\Leftrightarrow 2>\sqrt{u_n+2}>0$. Suy ra điều phải chứng minh.
- Ta có: $u_{n+1}-u_n=\sqrt{2+u_n}-u_n=\frac{2+u_n-u_n^2}{ \sqrt{2+u_n}+u_n }=\frac{(2-u_n)(1+u_n)}{ \sqrt{2+u_n}+u_n }>0\forall n\in N^*$
(Do $u_n<2\forall n\in N^*)$
Vậy dãy tăng, \(0<u_{n}<2\)

Thẻ

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