Tìm $a$ để phương trình sau đây có  $1$ nghiệm duy nhất:
$\begin{array}{l}
1) & 2\log \left( x + 3 \right) = 1 + \log \left( ax \right) &  & \left( 1 \right)\\
2) & \log \left( x^2 + ax \right) = \log \left( 8x - 3a + 3 \right) &  & \left( 2 \right)
\end{array}$
1) 
Điều kiện: x>-3.
Khi đó ta có
$\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
x > - 3\\
{\left( {x + 3} \right)^2} = 10ax(*)
\end{array} \right.$
$(*)\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x(3-5a)+9=0$.
$\Delta'_*=(5a-3)^2-9=25a^2-30a=5a(5a-6)$
Đề bài thỏa mãn với 2 trường hợp:
+ Nếu (*) có nghiệm kép lớn hơn -3 thì
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \Delta'_*=0\\x=5a-3>-3 \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left[ \begin{array}{l} a=0\\a=\frac{6}{5} \end{array} \right.\\a>0\end{array} \right.\Rightarrow a=\frac{6}{5}.$
+ Nếu (*) có 2 nghiệm $x_1<x_2$, 1 nghiệm nhỏ hơn -3, một nghiệm lớn hơn -3 thì
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \Delta'_*>0\\x_1<-3<x_2\end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}5a(5a-6)>0\\5a-3-\sqrt{\Delta'_*}<-3<5a-3+ \sqrt{\Delta'_*} \end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left[\begin{array}{l} a>\frac{6}{5}\\a<0\end{array} \right.\\5a< \sqrt{\Delta'_*} \\-5a< \sqrt{\Delta'_*} \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow  \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left[\begin{array}{l} a>\frac{6}{5}\\a<0\end{array} \right.\\|5a|< \sqrt{\Delta'_*} (**) \end{array} \right.$
Ta có $(**)\Leftrightarrow 25a^2<25a^2-30a$ (do cả 2 vế đều không âm)
$\Leftrightarrow a<0.$
Kết hợp 2 trường hợp vậy giá trị a cần tìm là
$\left[ \begin{array}{l}
a < 0\\
a = \frac{6}{5}
\end{array} \right.\\$

2)  
Phương trình đã cho tương đương với
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x^2+ax=8x-3a+3\\8x-3a+3>0\end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x^2+x(a-8)+(3a-3)=0(*)\\8x>3a-3\end{array} \right.$
Đề bài chỉ thỏa mãn trong 2 trường hợp:
+ Nếu (*) có nghiệm kép thì 
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \Delta_*=0\\8x>3a-3\end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow  \left\{ \begin{array}{l} (a-8)^2-4(3a-3)=0\\8.\frac{8-a}{2}>3a-3\end{array} \right. $
$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} a^2-28a+76=0\\7a-35<0\end{array} \right.$
$\Rightarrow  a = 14 - 2\sqrt {30}  .$

+Nếu (*) có 2 nghiệm $x_1<x_2$ mà chỉ có 1 nghiệm thỏa mãn thì
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \Delta_*>0\\8.\frac{8-a+\sqrt{\Delta_*}}{2}>3a-3>8.\frac{8-a- \sqrt{\Delta_*} }{2}\end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a^2-28a+76>0\\32-4a+4 \sqrt{\Delta_*} >3a-3>32-4a- 4\sqrt{\Delta_*}  \end{array} \right.$
$\Leftrightarrow  \left\{ \begin{array}{l} a^2-28a+76>0  \\ \sqrt{\Delta_*} > \frac{7a-35}{4}\\ \sqrt{ a^2-28a+76 } > \frac{35-7a}{4} \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} a^2-28a+76>0 \\16( a^2-28a+76 )>(35-7a)^2\end{array} \right.$
$\Rightarrow  \frac{3}{{11}} \le a \le 1 .$

Kết hợp 2 trường hợp vậy ta được
$\left[ \begin{array}{l}
\frac{3}{{11}} \le a \le 1\\
a = 14 - 2\sqrt {30}
\end{array} \right.$

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