Giải các phương trình :
$\begin{array}{l}
1) & {\left( {x - 4} \right)^2}{\log _4}\left( {x - 1} \right) - 2{\log _4}{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2} = {\left( {x - 4} \right)^2}{\log _{x - 1}}4 - 2{\log _{x - 1}}16\\
2) & 2{\log _3}{\left( {x - 2} \right)^2} + {\left( {x - 5} \right)^2}{\log _{x - 2}}3 = 2{\log _{x - 2}}9 + {\left( {x - 5} \right)^2}{\log _3}\left( {x - 2} \right)
\end{array}$
$1)$    Điều kiện : $x > 1,\,x \ne 2$
Phương trình viết lại bằng cách đưa về cơ số 4:
$\begin{array}{l}
{\left( {x - 4} \right)^2}{\log _4}\left( {x - 1} \right) - {\log _4}\left( {x - 1} \right)\frac{1}{{{{\log }_4}\left( {x - 1} \right)}} - 4{\log _4}\left( {x - 1} \right) + \frac{4}{{{{\log }_4}\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left[ {{{\left( {x - 4} \right)}^2} - 4} \right]\left[ {{{\log }_4}\left( {x - 1} \right) - \frac{1}{{{{\log }_4}\left( {x - 1} \right)}}} \right] = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
{\left( {x - 4} \right)^2} - 4 = 0\\
\log _4^2\left( {x - 1} \right) = 1
\end{array} \right.  \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = 2 & \left( {loai} \right)\\
x = 6
\end{array} \right.\\
\left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \frac{5}{4}\\
x = 5
\end{array} \right.
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}$
Vậy phương trình có $3$ nghiệm : $x=6 ; x=\frac{5}{4} ; x=5$
$2)$    Đk: $x>2, x\neq 3$

Pt $\Leftrightarrow 4\log_3{(x-2)}+(x-5)^2.\frac{1}{\log_3(x-2)}=\frac{4}{log_3(x-2)}+(x-5)^2\log_3(x-2)$(*)
Đặt $log_3(x-2)=a  và (x-5)^2=b$
(*)$\Leftrightarrow 4a+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{4}{a}+ab$
 $\Leftrightarrow 4(a- \frac{1}{a}) =b(a- \frac{1}{a})$ 
  $\Leftrightarrow (a- \frac{1}{a}) (4-b)=0$
  $\Leftrightarrow a^2=1$ hoặc $b=4$

+$a^2=1$$\Leftrightarrow a=1\Leftrightarrow x=5$
hoặc $a=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{7}{3}$

+$b=4\Leftrightarrow x=7$ hoặc $x=3(loại)$ 
 
Phương trình có 3 nghiệm : $x=\frac{7}{3}; x=5;x=7$


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