cho số phức có modun bằng 1.tim số phức đó sao cho $\left| {z-3+2i} \right|$  nhỏ nhất
Số phức $z$ có modun bằng $1$ thì ta có thể viết $z=\cos \alpha +i\sin \alpha, \alpha \in [0, \pi]$.
Ta có
$|z-3+2i|=\left| {(\cos \alpha -3)+i(\sin \alpha+2)} \right|=\sqrt{(\cos \alpha -3)^2+(\sin \alpha+2)^2}=\sqrt{14-6\cos \alpha+4\sin\alpha}$
Ta biết rằng
$(4\sin \alpha -6\cos \alpha)^2 \le (4^2+6^2)(\sin^2 \alpha+\cos^2 \alpha)=52$
$\implies - 2\sqrt{13} \le 4\sin \alpha -6\cos \alpha \le 2\sqrt{13}$
$\implies 4\sin \alpha -6\cos \alpha + 2\sqrt{13} \ge 0$
$\implies 4\sin \alpha -6\cos \alpha +14 \ge 14- 2\sqrt{13}=( \sqrt{13}-1)^2 $
 $\implies  |z-3+2i|=\sqrt{14-6\cos \alpha+4\sin\alpha} \ge \sqrt{13}-1 $
 Do đó $\min |z-3+2i|= \sqrt{13}-1\Leftrightarrow 4\sin \alpha -6\cos \alpha =- 2\sqrt{13} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}\sin \alpha=-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{13} } \\ \cos \alpha=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13} } \end{cases}$
Vậy $\boxed{z=-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{13} }+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13} }i} $.
Hãy ấn chữ V dưới chữ đáp án để chấp nhận nếu như bạn thấy lời giải này chính xác, và nút mũi tên màu xanh để vote up nhé. Thanks! –  Trần Nhật Tân 17-02-13 02:22 PM

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