Cho $a,b,c$ là các số thực không âm đôi một khác nhau. Chứng minh:
$(ab+bc+ca)(\frac{1}{(a-b)^2} + \frac{1}{(b-c)^2} + \frac{1}{(c-a)^2})\geq 4$
Giá sử trong 3 số $a,b,c$ số $a$ là số bé nhất.
Theo bài ra, $a \geq 0$
Nên, ta có:
$\begin{cases}ab+bc+ca\geq bc \\ \frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2}\geq \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2} \end{cases}$
Nên, $A=(ab+bc+ca)(\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2})$
$\geq bc.(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$=\frac{c}{b}+\frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{b}{c}$
$=\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc} + \frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}$
$=\frac{b^2+c^2-2bc}{bc}+\frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{2bc}{bc}$
$=\frac{(b-c)^2}{bc}+\frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}+2$
Mà theo bất đẳng thức Cô-si: $a + b \geq 2\sqrt{ab}$
Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow$ $a=b$
Nên, $\frac{(b-c)^2}{bc} + \frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}\geq2.\sqrt{\frac{(b-c)^2}{bc}.\frac{bc}{(b-c)^2}}=2$
Nên, $A\geq 2 + 2= 4 $
Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow$ $\begin{cases}a=0 \\\frac{(b-c)^2}{bc}=\frac{bc}{(b-c)^2} \end{cases}$
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}a=0 \\ (b-c)^4 =b^2c^2\end{cases}$
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}a=0 \\ (b-c)^2=bc \end{cases}$
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}a=0 \\ b^2+c^2=3bc \end{cases}$
Vậy, bất đẳng thức xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow$ một trong 3 số bằng không và 2 số còn lại có bình phương hiệu bằng tích hai số đó

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