$$P=(a+b+c)( \frac 1a + \frac 1b + \frac 1c)$$
$P=3+\frac{a}b+\frac{b}a+\frac{b}c+\frac{c}b+\frac{c}a+\frac{a}c$
Ta có $\frac14\le\frac{a}c<4\Rightarrow (\frac14-\frac{a}c)(4-\frac{a}c)\le0\Leftrightarrow 1+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\le\frac{17}{4}.\frac{a}c\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}c+\frac{c}a\le\frac{17}{4}$
Ta cũng có $(1-\frac{a}b)(1-\frac{b}c)+(1-\frac{b}a)(1-\frac{c}b)\ge0$ ( do mỗi số hạng $\ge0$)
$\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}b+\frac{b}a+\frac{b}c+\frac{c}b \le 2+\frac{a}c+\frac{c}a=2+\frac{17}4=\frac{25}4$
cộng lại ta có $P\le3+\frac{17}4+\frac{25}4=\frac{27}4$
Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow (a;b;c)=(1;1;4)$ hoặc $(1;4;4)$  

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