Cho $x,y \geq 0$ và $x + y = 1$. Tìm giá trị lớn nhất và nhỏ nhất của biểu thức :    
                    $P=3^ {2x}+3^{y}$.
Ta có: $y=1-x$, từ đó $P=3^{2x} +3^{1-x}=3^{2x}+\frac{1}{3^x}$ với $0 \le x\le1$
Đặt $t=3^x$ khi đó $1\le t \le 3$.
Xét hàm số $f(t)=t^2+\frac{3}{t}\Rightarrow f'(t)=2t-\frac{3}{t^2}=\frac{2t^3-3}{t^2}$.
Từ đó có bảng biến thiên sau:

Vậy $\max P=\max f(t)=\max (f(1);f(3))=\max (4;10)=10\Leftrightarrow t=3\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x=1 \\ y=0 \end{cases}$
$\min P=\min f(t) =f(\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}})=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{9}{4}}\Leftrightarrow t=\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x= \log_3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}}\\ y=1-\log_3 \sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}} \end{cases}$.

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