Cho hình chóp $S.ABCD$ có đáy $ABCD$ là hình vuông tâm $O$, cạnh bằng $a,SA\bot (ABCD),SA=a$. Tính khoảng cách giữa hai đường thẳng :
$a) SC,BD;                                b) AC,SD$

 $a)$ Ta có : $BD\bot AC$ (đường chéo hình vuông), $BD\bot SA$ (vì $SA\bot (ABCD)$)
Do đó :
$BD\bot (SAC)\Rightarrow  BD\bot SC$
Vẽ $OH\bot SC$ dễ thấy $OH$ chính là đoạn vuông góc chung của $BD,SC$.Mà $\Delta CHO$ đông dạng với $\Delta CAS$ nên $\frac{OH}{SA}  =\frac{OC}{SC}\Rightarrow  OH=\frac{SA.OC}{SC}  $ hay $OH=\frac{a.\frac{a\sqrt{2} }{2} }{a\sqrt{3} } =\frac{a\sqrt{6} }{6} $
$b)$ Vẽ đường thẳng $\Delta $ qua $D$ và song song với $AC$ ta suy ra $AC$ song song với mặt phẳng $(S;\Delta)$ nên : $d(AC,SD)=d(A,(S,\Delta ))$
Vẽ $AI\bot \Delta $ ta suy ra $\Delta \bot (SAI)$ (vì $\Delta \bot SA$).Vẽ $AE\bot SI$ suy ra $AE\bot mp(S;\Delta)$ do đó $AE=d(A,(S,\Delta ))$.Ta có :
$AI=DO=\frac{a\sqrt{2} }{2} , \frac{1}{AE^2}=\frac{1}{SA^2}  +\frac{1}{AI^2} =\frac{1}{a^2} +\frac{2}{a^2}=\frac{3}{a^2}  $
Suy ra $AE=\frac{a\sqrt{3} }{3} $ Vậy $d(AC,SD)=\frac{a\sqrt{3} }{3} $

Thẻ

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